A simple definition of hypocrisy states: the practice of claiming to have certain moral standards or beliefs while one’s own behavior does not conform or actually align with those principles, which makes that individual a hypocrite. Other words may sometimes be used to describe this seemingly common condition like sanctimoniousness, pharisaism, and duplicity.
In ancient Greek theaters, a hypocrite was an actor—someone who wore a mask and stepped into a specific role, performing not as himself, but as another. It was a term used to describe a performer skilled in their craft. However, the word moved beyond the stage plays and came to describe anyone who pretended to be something they were not!
Most everyone has experienced levels of hypocrisy as a common occurrence within the framework of everyday life. We see it everywhere—from politicians to preachers, authority figures to common people, family members and friends to business associates and team members, those hailed as heroes and even exalted athletes and social leaders. Sadly, but honestly, most of us have been in that state at one point or another in our lives! Prevalent forms of obvious hypocrisy display themselves frequently, perhaps even habitually within our culture and society:
1. Personal / Social: A person who advocates for honesty but lies continually, sometimes even about insignificant or unimportant issues.
2. Political: Leaders proclaiming certain honorable values while engaging in corrupt actions, acting as if they are above the law or somehow exempt because of the powerful positions or offices they hold.
3. Behavioral: A person criticizing others’ actions or words, like critiquing someone’s tardiness while they are known for showing up consistently late.
4. Religious: Performing outward acts of devotion while having a selfish, ungodly, unethical or immoral private life.
In the Bible, we find considerable attention given to hypocrites and their hypocrisy. Memorably, Jesus Christ denounced those who outwardly appeared to be highly religious but were inwardly filled with corruption, and woefully lacked spiritual qualities, while claiming to be experts in biblical law and its multiple applications in their society. A religious hypocrite may not be an actor on a literal stage, but puts on a show, on their own stage, before other humans and God Himself!
“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs which on the outside appear beautiful, but inside they are full of dead men’s bones and all uncleanness. So you, too, outwardly appear righteous to men, but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness. Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs of the prophets and adorn the monuments of the righteous, and say, ‘If we had been living in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partners with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ So you testify against yourselves, that you are sons of those who murdered the prophets. Fill up, then, the measure of the guilt of your fathers. You serpents, you brood of vipers, how will you escape the sentence of hell?”
Matthew 23:27-33
The scriptures teach us to think about hypocrisy and hypocrites in several different ways, each clearly demonstrating what it may look like (appearance) or sound like (activity). The warning is articulated so all believers can be alert and identify the duping methods of the hypocrite! (Sometimes they even can fool themselves into thinking / believing they are what they claim to be.) If unrecognized and allowed to continue, this poses a potential devastating internal spiritual, as well as eternal danger! Remember the upsetting words of our Lord spoken to the exorcist and miracle workers in Matthew 7:23 – “And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; DEPART FROM ME, YOU WHO PRACTICE LAWLESSNESS.”
Consider:
The hypocrisy of performative worship. While we worship our Lord outwardly, He desires our hearts and minds to be engaged as well or one’s worship becomes meaningless and shallow. A hypocrite goes through the motions, doing and saying the right things, while his heart is actually distant from Him.
Then the Lord said, “Because this people draw near with their words and honor Me with their lip service, but they remove their hearts far from Me, and their reverence for Me consists of tradition learned by rote, therefore behold, I will once again deal marvelously with this people, wondrously marvelous; And the wisdom of their wise men will perish, and the discernment of their discerning men will be concealed.”
Isaiah 29:13-14
The hypocrisy of performative faith. Faith that is only a matter of words, one declaring, “I believe” at all the right and appropriate times, but fails to demonstrate itself by good fruit is useless. It is dead!
Even so faith, if it has no works, is dead, being by itself. But someone may well say, “You have faith and I have works; show me your faith without the works, and I will show you my faith by my works.” You believe that God is one. You do well; the demons also believe, and shudder. But are you willing to recognize, you foolish fellow, that faith without works is useless?
James 2:17-21
The hypocrisy of performative service / ministry. The Pharisees, who were the primary antagonists during the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ, tithed from their mint and dill. That kind of meticulous attention to detail looked impressive to most, but not in the eyes of our Lord. He sharply rebuked those hypocritical spiritual leaders.
“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint and dill and cumin, and have neglected the weightier provisions of the law: justice and mercy and faithfulness; but these are the things you should have done without neglecting the others. You blind guides, who strain out a gnat and swallow a camel!”
Matthew 23:23-24
The hypocrisy of performative displays. Jesus cautioned His followers, that believers must not be like the hypocrites! Through their voices, gestures, and wordiness, they would seek to draw attention for themselves. The hypocritical heart is attention seeking, dissatisfied with doing things away from eyes, in contrast to silent, unrecognized acts of prayer, worship, service, or ministry.
“When you pray, you are not to be like the hypocrites; for they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and on the street corners so that they may be seen by men. Truly I say to you, they have their reward in full. But you, when you pray, go into your inner room, close your door and pray to your Father who is in secret, and your Father who sees what is done in secret will reward you.”
Matthew 6:5-6
The hypocrisy of performative judgement / disgust.
“Do not judge so that you will not be judged. For in the way you judge, you will be judged; and by your standard of measure, it will be measured to you. Why do you look at the speck that is in your brother’s eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye? Or how can you say to your brother, ‘Let me take the speck out of your eye,’ and behold, the log is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother’s eye.”
Matthew 7:1-5
The hypocrisy of performative generosity. Christ’s New Testament Church of committed believers has generally been marked by generosity, even providing for those who had various needs, as recorded in the book of Acts, as well as in the Epistles. Ananias and Sapphira (Acts 5:1-11) sold a piece of property and secretly held back some of the profits, but gave the appearance of donating all the proceeds to the church’s on-going ministry.
“Why is it that you have conceived this deed in your heart? You have not lied to men but to God.”
Acts 5:5 – (Peter to Ananias)
“Why is it that you have agreed together to put the Spirit of the Lord to the test? Behold, the feet of those who have buried your husband are at the door, and they will carry you out as well.”
Acts 5:9-10 – (Peter to Sapphira)
The hypocrisy of performative speech /speaking. As the book of James reminds us, the tongue can be a restless, relentless evil that’s full of deadly poison. Too often, words are used to defame someone, disguise one’s true feelings, speak lies, break hearts, and even distort God’s Word (the Truth) for one’s own agenda or benefit.
If anyone thinks himself to be religious, and yet does not bridle his tongue but deceives his own heart, this man’s religion is worthless.
James 1:26-27
See how great a forest is set aflame by such a small fire! And the tongue is a fire, the very world of iniquity; the tongue is set among our members as that which defiles the entire body, and sets on fire the course of our life, and is set on fire by hell. For every species of beasts and birds, of reptiles and creatures of the sea, is tamed and has been tamed by the human race. But no one can tame the tongue; it is a restless evil and full of deadly poison. With it we bless our Lord and Father, and with it we curse men, who have been made in the likeness of God; from the same mouth come both blessing and cursing. My brethren, these things ought not to be this way. Does a fountain send out from the same opening both fresh and bitter water? Can a fig tree, my brethren, produce olives, or a vine produce figs? Nor can salt water produce fresh.
James 3:5-12
Undoubtedly there exists internal and spiritual causes that serve to support the hypocrite. Personal insecurities, shame, fear, guilt, pride, as well as desires for social approval and / or cultural acceptance ultimately top the list. Thus, hypocrisy erodes trust and destroys one’s credibility.
While the Bible does not provide a dictionary definition of hypocrisy, one example after another exposes the spiritual performances that deceive others and, more dangerously, one’s own self. Behind every outward display lies a heart either far from God or moving in that direction. Christ’s warnings are not for a staged presentation, but are urgent and extremely relevant for today’s Church. May we be a people whose worship, faith, service, and speech are sincere, not theatrical performances of an excellent masked actor, but true reflections of one’s own heart and mind that’s being transformed by God’s mercy and grace.
Let love be without hypocrisy. Abhor what is evil; cling to what is good. Be devoted to one another in brotherly love; give preference to one another in honor; not lagging behind in diligence, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord; rejoicing in hope, persevering in tribulation, devoted to prayer, contributing to the needs of the saints, practicing hospitality.
Romans 12:9-13
His & Yours, Pastor Frank